Isithombe sibonisa umuntu ongaxoshiweumshini wezitiniumugqa wokukhiqiza. Okulandelayo yincazelo evela ezicini ezifana nokwakheka kwemishini, inqubo yokusebenza, nezinzuzo zohlelo lokusebenza:

Ukwakhiwa Kwezisetshenziswa

• Umshini oyinhloko: Njengomongo, wenza inqubo eyinhloko yokucindezela impahla. Ukubunjwa kwayo kungashintshwa njengoba kudingekile ukuze kukhiqizwe imikhiqizo yezitini yokucaciswa nokuma okuhlukile, njengezitini ezijwayelekile, izitini ezingenalutho, izitini zokuvikela umthambeka, njll., ukuhlangabezana nezidingo ezihlukahlukene zokwakha. Uhlaka luqinile, luqinisekisa ukudluliswa okuzinzile kwamandla okucindezela kanye nokubumbana okufanayo komzimba wezitini.

• Isistimu yokuhlanganisa: Ilawula ngokunembile isilinganiso sezinto ezibonakalayo futhi iqukethe umgqomo wokugcina, idivayisi yokudla, njll. Ezisetshenziswa zokusetshenziswa ezifana nosimende, izilinganiso (njengesihlabathi namatshe), nomlotha wempukane, idluliswa ngokunembile ngomshini wokuphakelayo ngokuvumelana nefomula esethiwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okuzinzile komzimba wezitini ngokuya ngokuqina, amandla njll.

• Uhlelo lokuxuba: Luxuba ngokugcwele izinto ezihlukahlukene zokusetshenziswa. Umshini oyinhloko wokuxuba ufakwe ama-blades okuxuba afanelekile kanye nesivinini sokujikeleza ukuze uhlanganise ngokulinganayo izinto ezisetshenziswa esigubhini sokuxuba ukuze wenze ingxube nge-plasticity enhle, ukubeka isisekelo sokwenza okulandelayo nokugwema ukukhubazeka kwekhwalithi yezitini okubangelwa ukuxuba okungalingani.

• Isistimu yokudlulisa: Ukuthembela kumishini efana namabhande okuthutha, ixhuma izinqubo ezihlukahlukene, idlulisela izinto ezihlanganisiwe nezixubile emshinini oyinhloko wokwenza, futhi iphinde idlulisele izikhala zezitini ezakhiwe endaweni yokuphulukisa ngayo, iqinisekise ukukhiqizwa okuqhubekayo nokushelelayo kanye nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle okuphelele.

• Izinsiza zokwelapha (azikhonjiswa ngokugcwele esithombeni, isixhumanisi esibalulekile emugqeni wokukhiqiza): Ngokuvamile, kunezindawo zokwelapha zemvelo noma iziko lokupholisa ngesitimu. Ukwelashwa kwemvelo kuncike ekushiseni okuzungezile kanye nomswakama ukuze kuqiniswe kancane; ukwelapha ngesitimu kusheshisa ukukhula kwamandla ezikhala zezitini ngokulawula izinga lokushisa, umswakama, nesikhathi, kufinyeza umjikelezo wokukhiqiza, futhi kulungele ngokukhethekile ukukhiqizwa kwesilinganiso esikhulu nesiqinile.

Inqubo Yokusebenza

Okokuqala, uhlelo lokuhlanganisa lulungiselela ngokulinganayo izinto zokusetshenziswa ezifana usimende, isihlabathi namatshe, nezinsalela zemfucuza yezimboni (njengomlotha wezimpukane, i-slag), futhi zizithumela ohlelweni lokuxuba ukuze kuxutshwe ngokugcwele ukuze kwakhiwe ingxube efanelekayo; khona-ke uhlelo lokudlulisa luthumela ingxube emshinini oyinhloko, futhi umshini oyinhloko usebenzisa izinqubo ezifana ne-hydraulics kanye nokudlidliza ukwenza ukucindezela okuphezulu noma ukwakheka kokudlidliza, ukuze ingxube yakha isitini esingenalutho esikhunjeni; ngemva kwalokho, okungenalutho kwezitini kuthuthelwa endaweni yokuphulukisa ngokusebenzisa uhlelo lokudlulisa ukuze kuqedelwe inqubo yokuqina, futhi ekugcineni kube isitini esingashiswa esihlangabezana nezindinganiso zamandla futhi singasetshenziswa.

Izinzuzo Zohlelo Lokusebenza

• Ukuvikelwa kwemvelo nokonga amandla: Akukho ukucwiliswa kwamanzi okudingekayo, okunciphisa inani elikhulu lamandla asetshenziswayo kanye negesi yokukhipha umoya (njenge-sulphur dioxide, uthuli) ukukhishwa okubangelwa ukudutshulwa kwezitini zendabuko. Ingase futhi isebenzise ngempumelelo izinsalela zikadoti wezimboni ukuze ifeze ukusetshenziswa kwemithombo kadoti, ihlangabezane nezidingo zokuthuthukiswa kwezakhiwo eziluhlaza.

• Izindleko ezilawulekayo: Izinto zokusetshenziswa ziningi, futhi isihlabathi sasendaweni kanye netshe, imfucuza yasezimbonini ingasetshenziswa, kunciphisa izindleko zokuthenga; inqubo engeyona i-sintering ifinyeza umjikelezo wokukhiqiza, inciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kwemishini kanye nezindleko zabasebenzi, futhi inezinzuzo ezibalulekile zezomnotho ekusebenzeni kwesikhathi eside.

• Imikhiqizo eyahlukene: Ngokushintsha isikhunta, izitini ezijwayelekile, izitini ezinembobo, izitini ezivunyelekayo, njll. ingakhiqizwa ngendlela evumelana nezimo, ivumelane nezimo ezihlukahlukene njengokwakha amatshe, ukugandaywa kwemigwaqo, nokwakhiwa kwezwe, nokuba nokuvumelana nezimo ezimakethe eziqinile.

• Ikhwalithi ezinzile: Ukukhiqizwa kwemishini kulawula ngokunembile ukulinganiswa kwempahla eluhlaza, ukucindezela okwenza, nezimo zokuphulukisa. Umzimba wezitini unamandla aphezulu kanye nokunemba kwe-dimensional, futhi izakhiwo zawo eziguquguqukayo nezicindezelayo zingcono kunezinye izitini zendabuko ze-sintered, eziqinisekisa ikhwalithi yamaphrojekthi wokwakha.

Lolu hlobo lolayini wokukhiqiza umshini wezitini ongashiswanga, olunezici ezinjengokuvikelwa kwemvelo, ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu, kanye nokuguquguquka ekukhiqizeni izinto zokwakha zesimanje, kancane kancane sekuyithuluzi elibalulekile lokuthuthukisa nokuguqula imboni yokwenza izitini, okusiza ukuqaphela ukusetshenziswa okusimeme kwezinsiza kanye nokuthuthukiswa kohlaza kwemboni yezokwakha. Uma ufuna ukuba nokuqonda okujulile kwempahla ethile noma imininingwane yolayini wokukhiqiza, unganikeza izincazelo ezengeziwe.

Isithombe sibonisa umugqa wokukhiqiza umshini wezitini ongashiswanga, okuwumshini owumgogodla wenqubo yokwenza izitini. Okulandelayo isingeniso esivela ezicini ezifana nokubukeka kwemishini namamojula asebenzayo:

Ngokubukeka, indikimba eyinhloko yemishini ngokuyinhloko iyisakhiwo sefreyimu eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ehambisana nezingxenye ze-orange, futhi isakhiwo sihlangene futhi sivamile. Uhlaka oluluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ludlala indima esekelayo, ukuzinza nokuthembeka, futhi lungamelana namandla ezinqubo ezifana nokucindezela kokubalulekile nokudlulisa ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza. Izingxenye ezibalulekile ezifana nokugcinwa kwempahla ewolintshi kanye nezingxenye ezakhayo zivelele ngokumelene nesizinda esiluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, okwenza kube lula ukusebenza nokugcinwa.

Ngokuphathelene namamojula asebenzayo, kuneyunithi yokugcina impahla, esetshenziselwa ukugcina izinto ezingavuthiwe ezifana nosimende, isihlabathi namatshe, nezinsalela zemfucuza yezimboni ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukutholakala kwezinto ezibonakalayo okuqhubekayo. Uhlelo lwe-batching luzolawula ngokunembile inani lezinto ezihlukahlukene zokusetshenziswa ngokuvumelana nefomula esethiwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okuzinzile komzimba wezitini. Imojula yokuxuba ixuba ngokugcwele izinto zokusetshenziswa, futhi ngokusebenzisa izindwani zokuxuba ezifanele kanye nesivinini sokujikeleza, izinto zokwakha zakha ingxube nge-plasticity enhle, ebeka isisekelo sokwenza izikhala zezitini.

Umshini wokwakha oyinhloko uyisihluthulelo. Ngosizo lwezinqubo ze-hydraulic kanye ne-vibration, yenza ukucindezela okuphezulu noma ukudlidliza ukwakha kungxube. Isikhunta singashintshwa ngendlela eguquguqukayo, futhi singakhiqiza imikhiqizo yezitini yemininingwane nezitayela ezahlukene njengezitini ezijwayelekile, izitini ezinombobo, nezitini ezivunyelekayo, ezihlangabezana nezidingo ezahlukahlukene njengokwakhiwa kwamatshe kanye nokugandaywa komgwaqo. Izikhala zezitini ezakhiwe zidluliselwa endaweni yokwelapha ngokusebenzisa uhlelo lokudlulisa. Ukwelashwa kwemvelo kuncike kumazinga okushisa asendaweni kanye nomswakama ukuze kuqiniswe, kuyilapho ukwelapha ngesitimu kusheshisa ukukhula kwamandla ngokulawula izinga lokushisa, umswakama, nesikhathi, kufinyeze umjikelezo wokukhiqiza.

Ulayini wokukhiqiza umshini wezitini ongashisi unobungani bemvelo futhi wonga amandla. Akudingi ukucwiliswa emanzini, ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kanye nokukhishwa kwegesi okulahlwayo kokudubula okujwayelekile, futhi kungasebenzisa izinsalela zemfucuza yezimboni. Mayelana nezindleko, izinto zokusetshenziswa ziningi, inqubo ifushane, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwamandla nezindleko zabasebenzi ziphansi. Ngenxa yokulawulwa kwemishini, ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo inamandla aphezulu kanye nokunemba kobukhulu, isiza ukuthuthukiswa okuluhlaza nokusebenza kahle kwemboni yezokwakha futhi idlala indima ebalulekile emkhakheni wesimanje wokwenza izitini.